Trong H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eb1m kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. B\u00e0i tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 (Theory of Multiple Intelligences) cu\u1ea3 Howard Gardner (GS. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard).\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Howard Gardner \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng: n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khi kh\u00f4ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1983, \u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1edbi 7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n B\u1ea3y n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, tuy nhi\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n (1) N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (Linguistic Intellgence):<\/em>\u00a0Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con ch\u1eef<\/span> <\/a><\/p>\n (2) N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 logic \u2013 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u00a0(Logical- Mathematical Intelligence):\u00a0\u00a0Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 <\/a><\/p>\n (3) N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c\u00a0(Musical Intelligence)<\/em>:Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u00e2m thanh <\/a><\/p>\n (4) N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u2013 tri gi\u00e1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0(Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence)<\/em>: Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u00e3o \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n (5) Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c (Spantial and Visual Intelligence)<\/em>: Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng gian<\/p>\n Nh\u00f3m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh; Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n (6) Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u2013 giao ti\u1ebfp\u00a0(Interpersonal Intelligence)<\/em>:\u00a0Gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp; Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, \u01b0a th\u00edch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u ch\u1eef. Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c qua thi ca; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edc, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, suy di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, l\u00fd l\u1ebd, c\u00e1ch t\u01b0 duy theo d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u2013 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ed trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i chung.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n
Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7u, cao \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i song song v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u1ec1 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghe t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t theo giai \u0111i\u1ec7u, bi\u1ebft d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan.<\/p>\n